Seni Merajut Sejarah - Siapa yang Mengukir Jejak di Balik Jahitan Bendera Pusaka?
Merah-Putih dalam Sejarah Indonesia
Pada zaman kerajaan di Nusantara, bendera atau panji-panji kebesaran dengan unsur warna merah dan putih juga kerap digunakan, salah satunya oleh Kerajaan Majapahit (1293–1527 Masehi).
Pada masa perjuangan melawan penjajah Belanda atau VOC, pasukan Pangeran Diponegoro mengibarkan panji merah putih dalam Perang Jawa (1825-1830) di Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah. Begitu pula dengan bendera perang Sisingamangaraja XII (1876-1907) di tanah Batak, Sumatera Utara.
Selanjutnya, memasuki abad ke-20 atau Era Pergerakan Nasional, bendera dengan warna merah dan putih berkibar saat pelaksanaan Kongres Pemuda II di Batavia (Jakarta) pada 28 Oktober 1928 yang menghasilkan Sumpah Pemuda.
Menjelang kemerdekaan RI, Fatmawati yang merupakan istri Ir. Sukarno, menjahit kain berwarna merah dan putih untuk dijadikan bendera. Bendera bersejarah yang disebut Sang Saka Merah Putih ini akhirnya dikibarkan dalam upacara proklamasi Kemerdekaan RI tanggal 17 Agustus 1945.
History [ edit ]
The Bendera Pusaka was sewn by Sukarno's wife Fatmawati. [1] It was based on a 13th-century Majapahit flag, which had nine stripes of red and white. [2]
It was first raised at Sukarno's house at 56 Pegangsaan Timur Street, Jakarta, after Sukarno read the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. [3] It was hoisted on a short bamboo staff by a group led by Captain Latief Hendaningrat, after its hoisting, the gathered crowd sang "Indonesia Raya". [2] [4]
During the first year of the Indonesian National Revolution, the Bendera Pusaka flew day and night. After the Dutch took Jakarta in 1946, the Bendera Pusaka was brought to Yogyakarta in Sukarno's briefcase. During Operatie Kraai, the Bendera Pusaka was cut in half and given to Indonesian composer Husein Mutahar for safekeeping, Mutahar was told to "protect the flag with [his] life". Despite being captured by and escaping from the Dutch, Mutahar managed to bring the flag to Jakarta, sew it back together, and turn it over to Soedjono. Soedjono later returned the flag to Sukarno, who was in exile in Bangka. [4]
After the end of the war, the Bendera Pusaka was raised once a year in front of the Presidential Palace during Independence Day celebrations. [1] However, due to the flag's fragile state, beginning in 1968 it has been replaced by a replica. [ citation needed ]
In 2003, plans were released to relocate the Bendera Pusaka from the Presidential Palace to the National Monument. In 2004, the relocation was expected to cost Rp. 3.5 billion (US$388,889), with the flag being stored in a 24-karat gold-plated case within the Independence Room of the Monument. [5] However, the relocation has been consistently delayed. [6] As of 2009, its storage at the National Monument has been mandated by law. [3]
Penjahit Bendera Pusaka Merah Putih
Mengutip laman Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan , Ibu Fatmawati adalah orang yang menjahit bendera Merah Putih. Ia, yang merupakan istri ketiga dari Presiden Sukarno, menjahit bendera Merah Putih dengan mesin jahit tangan di ruang tamu rumahnya.
Sejarah Warna Bendera Merah Putih dari Mitologi Austronesia
Asal-usul warna merah dan putih yang kini dipakai untuk warna bendera di beberapa negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara dan sekitarnya disebut-sebut berasal dari mitologi Austronesia. Merah dimaknai sebagai tanah dan putih berarti langit.
Austronesia adalah rumpun bangsa dan bahasa yang tersebar dari Taiwan dan Hawaii di ujung utara sampai Selandia Baru di ujung selatan, serta dari Madagaskar di ujung barat sampai Pulau Paskah (Rapanui) di ujung timur. Kepulauan Nusantara termasuk dalam rangkaian ini.
Merah dan putih kemudian digunakan untuk melambangkan dualisme alam yang saling berpasangan: Ibu Bumi (merah) dan Bapak Langit (putih). Karim Halim dalam buku Negara Kita (1952) menuliskan, menurut adat-istiadat Austronesia, warna merah dan putih berpengaruh besar dalam hal kesaktian dan kepercayaan.
Maka tidak mengherankan jika sebagian negara di dalam rumpun Austronesia memakai unsur warna merah dan putih untuk benderanya, sebut saja Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Filipina, hingga Taiwan, Madagaskar, dan seterusnya.
Description and symbolism [ edit ]
The Bendera Pusaka consists of two bands, red at the top and white at the bottom, at a scale of 2:3. The red stands for bravery (Indonesian: keberanian), while the white stands for purity (Indonesian: kesucian). [3] However, alternative meanings have been proposed, including that the red represents palm sugar and the white represents rice, both staples of Indonesian cuisine. [2]
The Bendera Pusaka has been used in the name of the Indonesian student organization Pasukan Pengibar Bendera Pusaka (often abbreviated Paskibraka, English: Bendera Pusaka Flag Hoisting Troop ). The organization, which was founded by Husein Mutahar in 1968, provides flag bearers for flag ceremonies in the local and national levels as well as in international functions for overseas Indonesians. [4] This organization has a national board - the National BPFHT Council (Purna Paskibraka Indonesia). Their best appearance is during the Independence Day commemorations every 17 August.
Tags: jahit yang ende
