Pena dan Tinta - Kesenangan dan Kreativitas dalam Dunia Sulaman dan DIY

References [ edit ]

1. ^ abc"Quill – Facts and History of Quill Pen". www.historyofpencils.com . Retrieved 2019-05-28 .
2. ^
3. Douglass, Paul (1950-10-01). "How to Make your Own Goose Quill Pen". Design. 52 (1): 21. doi:10.1080/00119253.1950.10743022. ISSN0011-9253.
4. ^
5. "Making a Feather Quill Pen" . Retrieved 2021-08-03 .
6. ^
7. "Writing Implements, c18th Century". National Museum of Ireland.
8. ^ ab
9. "A Note on the Quill". www.usask.ca . Retrieved 2019-05-28 .
10. ^ abc
11. "The mighty pen". The Christian Science Monitor. 2001-08-28. ISSN0882-7729 . Retrieved 2019-05-28 .
12. ^ abc
13. "goose quill pen | Jane Austen's World" . Retrieved 2019-05-28 .
14. ^
15. "Quill | feather". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 2019-05-28 .
16. ^
17. Thor Hanson (31 July 2012). Feathers: The Evolution of a Natural Miracle. Basic Books. p. 237. ISBN978-0-465-02878-8 . Archived from the original on March 28, 2017.
18. ^ ab
19. Koster, John (2001). "Quill". In Sadie, Stanley, Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN978-1-56159-239-5 . ‎
20. ^ Famous fighters of the Fleet, Edward Fraser, 1904, p.100
21. ^ Francois Déroche, Islamic Codicology: An Introduction to the Study of Manuscripts in Arabic Script (London: Al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, 2005), 103–6
22. ^
23. Child, Heather (1985). The Calligraphers Handbook. A & C Black UK. ISBN0-7136-2695-X .
24. ^Encyclopædia Britannica, 6th edition, 1823.
25. ^
26. "Coat of Arms". The Institute of Heraldry . Retrieved 2024-07-01 .
27. ^
28. Cornwell, Hilarie (2009). Saints, signs, and symbols. Harrisburg, PA: Morehouse Pub. p. 45. ISBN978-0-8192-2345-6 . OCLC317778053.
29. ^ "How the court works." Supreme Court Historical Society.
30. ^ "The Court and Its Traditions." Supreme Court of the United States.
31. ^
32. "The kulmus (quill) and how to cut it". www.sofer.co.uk . Retrieved 2021-10-04 .

Quill

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Quill" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( April 2016 ) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

A quill is a writing tool made from a moulted flight feather (preferably a primary wing-feather) of a large bird. Quills were used for writing with ink before the invention of the dip pen/metal-nibbed pen, the fountain pen, and, eventually, the ballpoint pen. [1]

What was the ink used in the 1800s made of?

In the 1800s, ink was primarily made from natural materials such as gall nuts, iron salts, and oak galls. These ingredients were combined with water to create a pigment. Additionally, various dyes and pigments such as logwood or indigo could be added to produce different colors of ink. The mixture was then thickened with gum arabic or other natural gums to improve its consistency. Overall, the ink in the 19th century was predominantly derived from organic sources and had a dark appearance.

In the 1800s, writing instruments were commonly known as quills or pen and ink. Quills were made from the feathers of large birds, such as geese or swans, and were shaped into a pointed nib. These pens would be dipped into an inkwell filled with iron gall ink, which was a common type of ink used during that time period. The writer would then use the quill to write on parchment or paper.

While quills were the primary writing instrument, there were also other variations available. Steel pens became popular in the mid-19th century, as they provided a more durable and consistent writing experience compared to quills. These pens had a metal nib instead of a feather and were often used with the same inkwells as quills.

Overall, throughout the 19th century, writing instruments evolved from traditional quills to more durable steel pens and later to the convenience of fountain pens. These advancements in writing tools played a significant role in shaping the written communication of the era.

Ink can be made in a variety of ways.

Ink can be made out of the fruit from berries (which provides a variety of colors) or it can be made from soot. When I was young I made it from soot, but since the fruit berry ink doesn’t take starting fires we will try that method this time!

So we tried blackberry, raspberry and blueberry ink because all three containers of berries were side by side in the market. I was eager to see what color the ink would turn out to be!

Take ½ cup of the berry and mash it in a small container. Place it in a fine strainer and let the juice run through into a small cup or ramakin. I must say the blueberry juice color was quite disappointing, very lightly colored, but the other two looked great. I pressed the fruit too hard in the sieve so I got too much pulp in the juice.

Add ½ teaspoon vinegar (to help the juice keep its color) and ½ teaspoon salt (to help preserve the juice).

You can store the juice in baby food jars in the fridge for awhile.

---

Tags: quill